Artificial intelligence in healthcare

 In this age of technology, AI (Artificial Intelligence) knows no bounds. Even though it is invoking fear in all of us, it is also benefiting most of us in various ways.

What is AI?

AI is the development of computer systems that can perform activities which require human intelligence like decision making, solving complex problems, etc.

AI in healthcare

Since the introduction of AI, it has impacted various domains such as marketing, finance, gaming industry, music, and art. However, the major impact is on healthcare. AI in healthcare is revolutionising the medical industry by providing a helping hand. It is undeniable that AI is saving lives.

AI in data management

AI helps in implementing cognitive technology to store medical records and perform power diagnosis. For example, it automates the tedious tasks of the user by implementing an automated system that would send SMS, email, etc. The use of AI based chatbot makes things easier.

AI in medical diagnosis

AI along with neural networks and deep learning is revolutionising the image diagnosis field in medicine. For example, it has taken over the complex analysis of the MRI scan and made it a simpler process.

AI in early detection

AI helps in the early prediction of medical conditions such as heart attack. AI based wearables such as Fitbit, Apple smart watch, etc. act as health trackers. They have been developed to monitor the health of a person and display warnings when devices collect unusual or unlikely data.

These smart watches collect data like heart rate, sleep cycle, breathing rate, blood pressure, etc. which are processed and analysed using machine learning and deep learning to create a model which helps in prediction of risk.

AI in medical assistance

AI based virtual nurses are developed to provide self-care and clinical advices, schedule an appointment, etc.

AI in decision making

The AI plays a major role in decision making by studying user needs and evaluating any potential risk.

The use of surgical robots can minimise errors, variations, and eventually help in increasing the efficiency of surgeons. One such surgical robot is da Vinci which allows professional surgeons to implement complex surgeries with better flexibility and control than conventional approaches.

Risk of AI in healthcare

Along with its various benefits, AI also adds potential risks in the field of healthcare. Such threats include false positives/negatives, system errors, unexplainable results, etc. In order to avoid this risk, physicians must seek training in proper usage of AI. Such training must also be incorporated as a standard component of medical education. Hospitals are also encouraged to use AI to ensure proper development, implementation, and monitoring of protocols.

With fast developing technology in this age, the human kind is to largely benefit from AI. We can reap this to the maximum extent if we are cautious about the dangers of it. Visit http://www.aksharaontech.com/blog/ for more such articles. Download akshara app which is for SSLC, X standard CBSE and BSc Nursing students. 

– Suchasmita Panigrahi

Vitamin D and homeostasis of calcium

 The bones in our body provide us support, a defined shape, the ability to make a wide range of movements, protect our vital organs, produce and maintain blood cells, and act as reservoirs for chief minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.

Some of the diseases that affect the bones are rickets (in children), osteomalacia, and osteoporosis. These diseases make the bones soft and porous, making them more vulnerable to fractures. As we age, our bones lose their density, especially in women, and this is due to the loss of calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals. 

Minerals such as calcium and phosphorus are obtained from the food that we consume and are deposited in the bones constantly. They are constantly withdrawn in order to maintain the blood mineral levels as well. This is called resorption. It is a mechanism in which tissues are broken down by specialised cells and minerals are released back into the bloodstream. This regulates a continuous cycle in which the tissues in the bones are maintained and repaired. Thus, bones act as reservoirs of minerals. 

You must be wondering about the role of vitamin D in all of this. Vitamin D is essential for the homeostasis of calcium, i.e. it regulates the calcium levels present in the blood, thus maintaining healthy and strong bones.

Let us understand this in detail. Homeostasis of calcium takes place in three major sites – intestine, kidneys, and bones. 

In the intestine, the active form of vitamin D, known as calcitriol is required for synthesising calcium binding protein (CBP), a carrier protein. CBP increases the intestinal absorption of calcium which in turn increases the calcium level in the blood. Therefore, vitamin D is said to have hypercalcemic effect.

In the kidneys, vitamin D enhances the activity of a hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH) which is essential for the resorption of calcium. 

In the bones, vitamin D enhances the activity of osteoblasts. Osteoblasts are cells that form new bones, especially in growing children. It promotes calcium uptake and deposition (calcification) of bones. 

During hypocalcemia or calcium deficiency, in order to maintain the blood calcium level, vitamin D promotes bone resorption. It is carried out by osteoclasts, the cells responsible for the breakdown of bone tissues.

Now that you know how essential vitamin D is for our bones, you must be wondering what the best way to get vitamin D is. The answer is quite simple, it is sunlight. Getting some sunlight (about 10-30 minutes) every day is a sure shot way to ensure that we are getting our daily dose of vitamin D. Let me warn you though. There are consequences of having more than the necessary amount of vitamin D in our body. To find out about that and to know how sunlight affects the synthesis of vitamin D in our body, visit our website.

For interesting articles like this, visit akshara blog. Download akshara app from play store and get two free chapters FREE. 

– Beena P V

What is magnetism?

 

Magnets. Cool playthings. They attract other magnetic substances. Two magnets repel when their like poles face each other, attract when their unlike poles are brought together. We all know the basics. We also know that they are used in innumerable ways in our daily lives. In televisions, phones, microphones, refrigerators, giant cranes that lift junk cars at a scrap yard are just a few examples to begin with. But, what are these magnets and how do they get such a cool property? 

Let’s just dive right into it. Magnetism is a physical phenomenon produced by the motion of electric charges, which results in attractive and repulsive forces between objects. Yes, that’s right. It is caused by a moving electric charge. Now, we know that matter is made up of atoms and atoms have subatomic particles such as protons, electrons, etc. These charged particles create a field around them when they are in motion.

This field interacts with the field, similar to it, created by other moving charged particles present in other objects. This field or the area surrounding the object where the magnetic force is experienced is known as the magnetic field. So, simply put, magnets are objects that exhibit magnetism. 

Since all objects are made up of subatomic particles that are in motion, shouldn’t they all exhibit magnetism? To understand this, we must take into consideration a couple of things. Firstly, the magnetic field of every object/atom is not the same. For example, the magnetic field of a proton is much weaker than that of an electron. Some materials could exhibit magnetism, but due to their weak magnetic field, we may not see them moving other magnetic objects towards or away from them.

Secondly, the net magnetic field of an object/atom could be zero. Try and imagine this – every electron in motion produces a magnetic field around it. Therefore, they act as tiny magnets themselves. Now, each of these electrons has a spin, i.e. an intrinsic angular momentum.

The electrons with opposite spins (spin up and spin down) pair together while filling the electron orbitals of an atom.  In an atom with a completely filled outer electron orbital, the net magnetic field is zero as the electrons with opposite spins produce magnetic fields in the opposite direction which tend to cancel out each other. But, if an atom has a half-filled outer electron orbital, then the electrons have the same spin (either spin up or spin down) and they all produce a magnetic field in the same direction. Hence, the net magnetic field of the atom is not zero. This can be seen in atoms with one or more unpaired electrons too. 

The more popular magnetic substances are iron, nickel, and cobalt as magnets apply an attractive force on these metals. These metals exhibit a property called “ferromagnetism”. There is a history behind the name that we will explore some other time. What we need to know is that if a large number of unpaired electrons with the same spin align, they produce magnetic fields in the same direction, strong enough to be experienced at a macroscopic level. But, it is not enough that an atom or all atoms of a substance produce net magnetic fields. It is necessary that these net magnetic fields of each atom in that said substance are in the same direction for them to not cancel out each other. Chromium is an example of a metal that has a magnetic field at the atomic level, but not at a macroscopic level. What this means is, the atoms of chromium have net magnetic fields, but when a piece of chromium metal is taken, a net magnetic field is not observed. How is that even possible, right? Well, it exhibits something called “antiferromagnetism”. What is antiferromagnetism? Are there other types of magnetism than these two? There are. But, that is a topic for another day.

For more such informative articles visit akshara blog. Download the akshara app from Google playstore and get two free chapters. 

– Beena P V

Math proficiency is the gateway to a number of incredible careers that students may never have considered

 

Danica Mckellar is an actress, who is also a writer and an education advocate. She has written six non-fiction books on mathematics. Math is an integrated part of our lives. Many students avoid taking advanced mathematics in their higher studies thinking it is difficult. Due to this, they, unfortunately, miss out great career opportunities.

The content is built under the supervision of teachers with 40+ years experience. Akshara app for CBSE and State Board class 10th, the app helps you to easily score high marks in board exams.

Importance of marking scheme and common errors committed by students

 

The videos speaks about the importance of marking scheme and common errors committed by students due to which they lose marks, although they think they have attempted right.

Marking scheme assigns a fixed proportion of the allotted marks to particular knowledge, understanding and/or skill.

While solving a problem, writing formula, substituting values in the formula, simplification, application of BODMAS rule to simplify, Writing proven statements as reasons are essential parts of the solution that fetch marks. Students can make a mistake in any of the steps mentioned. A small mistake in any of the steps could lead to deduction of marks. Example, a mistake as minor as assigning the wrong sign to a numerical while substitution or simplification might give a wrong answer.

Akshara is an exam oriented app for CBSE X grade, Karnataka SSLC, and BSc Nursing. Akshara helps you learn methodically and use modern techniques like Flashcards, which makes the content easy to memorize. The app runs on android mobile and tablets.

How to cover entire syllabi in less time?

 

Students studying the night before the exam may or may not perform good. What to do in such situations? How to cover entire syllabi in less time? First, try to break down the chapters into smaller chunks; topics. Select the easiest topics and complete it. Try to read the summaries or extracts you prepared while attending the class at school. Try to go through previous year exam papers and chapter-end exercise in the textbooks. Try to make tricks/mnemonics to recall the same. Summarise or teach your friends what you learned at regular intervals. Take breaks in between study time. A tired brain cannot focus and learn fast.

To read such more articles visit akshara blog

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Most common errors students make in exam

 

Imagine studying assiduously but not getting admission to your favourite college because of a single mark. That is the situation of lakhs of students in our country today. The reason? Unawareness of the mistakes they commit in their answer papers. While practice makes you perfect and preparation is fundamental for success, knowing the common errors you might commit in exams and avoiding them will definitely ensure you score excellent marks. What’s worse than knowing all the answers but not being able to present it well? Or, running out of time when you have one last answer left to write? As you hold the key to your future, it is your responsibility to conquer all obstacles to make it brighter.

Akshara is an exam oriented app for CBSE X grade, Karnataka SSLC, and BSc Nursing. Akshara helps you learn methodically and use modern techniques like Flashcards, which makes the content easy to memorize. The app runs on android mobile and tablets.

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